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No.3
What are atoms made of?

All things in nature are made of atoms of various elements, but the combinations of atoms in nature are so complex that we cannot be easily explained and difficult understand.

So what are element atoms made of?

Atoms are made up of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
The type of element is determined by the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons.

For example, the element hydrogen.
A hydrogen atom is made up of one proton and one electron.

The combination of two protons and two electrons is an atom of the element helium.
When it has 3 protons and 3 electrons, it is a lithium atom, and when it has 8 protons and 8 electrons, it is an oxygen atom.

In this way, there are 118 types of elements in nature, based on differences in the number of protons and electrons. In other words, there are combinations of elements, from the kind with one proton and one electron to the kind with ~118 protons and 118 electrons.

The number of protons and electrons is the same, and this is the atomic number.
Hydrogen has atomic number 1, helium has atomic number 2, lithium has atomic number 3, and oxygen has atomic number 8.

Therefore, if you know the atomic number, you can find the number of protons and electrons.
Example, potassium, with atomic number 19, has a combination of 19 protons and 19 electrons.

There is one thing you should be careful about.
When there are two or more protons and two or more electrons each, neutrons join in addition to protons and electrons.
In other words, everything except hydrogen atoms has neutrons.
Hydrogen atoms, which have one proton and one electron, do not have neutrons, but atoms of helium, lithium, and oxygen, which have two or more, have neutrons.
Therefore, if we write exactly what each type of element atom is made of, it will be as follows.

Atomic number 1 Hydrogen atom = 1 proton, 1 electron

Atomic number 2 Helium atom = 2 protons, 2 electrons, neutrons

Atomic number 8 Oxygen atom = 8 protons, 8 electrons, neutrons

Atomic number 92 Uranium atom = 92 protons, 92 electrons, neutrons

The number of neutrons is not written above, this number is a bit difficult, so I'll omit it for now.

The Periodic Table of Elements allows you to see the types and atomic numbers of these elements at a glance.
Periodic table of elements(nomal)


What I want you to remember today is:


Each atom of any type of element is made up of the same number of protons and electrons,
and all atoms, except hydrogen, have neutrons.